Lipid Extraction for Biodiesel Production from Al-Rumaitha Sewage Project Plant
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
The samples used in the study were taken from the WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) screening location. Lipids extraction from sewage sludge (a by-product of WWTP) grows in large quantities in cities. The wet sludge was adopted to extract the lipids by direct liquid-liquid extraction at room temperature using a mixture of organic solvents cyclohexane, isopropanol, and water for three extraction stages. The content of lipids was 36.3% wt DC and 34.78% wt DC for the first and second samples, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis determined the content of free fatty acids. FFAs (free fatty acids) content was 58% and 36.6% for the first and second samples, respectively. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the most abundant acid in the two samples, followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2).
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
##plugins.generic.plaudit.displayName##
المراجع
Neupane D. Biofuels from Renewable Sources, a Potential Option for Biodiesel Production. Bioengineering 2022; 10(1): 29, (1-29).
Al-Khaledy AAJ. Modeling the Kinetics of Hydroxyapatite Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 2015; 8(1): 21-35.
Olkiewicz M, Caporgno MP, Fortuny A, Stüber F, Fabregat A, Font J, Bengoa C. Direct Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Lipid from Municipal Sewage Sludge for Biodiesel Production. Fuel Processing Technology 2014; 128: 331–338.
Atabani AE, Silitonga AS, Badruddin IA, Mahlia TMI, Masjuki Hh, Mekhilef S. A Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel as an Alternative Energy Resource and its Characteristics. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2012; 16(4): 2070–2093.
Hemeidan JH, Abbar AH. Electrochemical Removal of Copper from a Simulated Wastewater Using a Rotating Tubular Packed Bed of Woven Screens Electrode. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 2019; 12(2): 127–134.
Abbasl ZD, Jassim O. Application of GIS and AHP Technologies to Support of Selecting a Suitable Site for Wastewater Sewage Plant in Al Kufa City. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 2019; 12(1): 31-37.
Nuhma MJ, Alias H, Tahir M, Jazie AA. Microalgae Biomass Conversion Into Biofuel Using Modified HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst: A Review. Materials Today: Proceedings 2021; 42: 2308–2313.
Olkiewicz M, Fortuny A, Stüber F, Fabregat A, Font J, Bengoa C. Effects of Pre-Treatments on the Lipid Extraction and Biodiesel Production from Municipal WWTP Sludge. Fuel 2015; 141: 250–257.
Jazie AA, Abed SA, Pramanik H. DBSA-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production From Sewage Sludge In A Micro-Reactor: Box-Behnken Design Optimization. International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET) 2019; Istanbul, Turkey. IEEE: p. 1–6.
Muhammad N, Elsheikh YA, Mutalib MIA, Bazmi AA, Khan RA, Khan H, et al. An Overview of the Role of Ionic Liquids in Biodiesel Reactions. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2015; 21: 1–10.
Owolabi RU, Usman MA, Anuoluwapo AD, Oguamanam OP. Modelling, Optimization and Green Metrics Evaluation of Bio-Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 2020; 27(3): 17–30.
Andreani L, Rocha JD. Use of Ionic Liquids in Biodiesel Production: a Review. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012; 29: 1–13.
Dufreche S, Hernandez R, French T, Sparks D, Zappi M, Alley E. Extraction of Lipids from Municipal Wastewater Plant Microorganisms for Production of Biodiesel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 2007; 84: 181–187.
Kech C, Galloy A, Frippiat C, Piel A, Garot D. Optimization of Direct Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Lipids from Wet Urban Sewage Sludge for Biodiesel Production. Fuel 2018; 212: 132–139.
Sangaletti-Gerhard N, Cea M, Risco V, Navia R. In Situ Biodiesel Production from Greasy Sewage Sludge Using Acid and Enzymatic Catalysts. Bioresource Technology 2015; 179: 63–70.
Pastore C, Lopez A, Lotito V, Mascolo G. Biodiesel from Dewatered Wastewater Sludge: A Two-Step Process for a More Advantageous Production. Chemosphere 2013; 92(6): 667–673.