Purification of Biodiesel via Nanofluid using Liquid-Liquid Extraction in a Membrane Contactor Purification of Biodiesel
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Recently, attention has been paid to nanofluids due to their contribution to enhancing heat and mass transfer in different industrial applications. Consequently, a nanofluid composed of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and distilled water as base fluid was adopted as a solvent to promote the removal of impurities, methanol, and glycerol, from crude biodiesel using liquid-liquid extraction in the membrane contactor. The presence of NPs significantly enhanced the methanol and glycerol removal efficiency. The optimum concentration of NPs in nanofluid was 0.01 wt%. It was found that adding 0.01 wt% of NPs to the distilled water increased the methanol removal efficiency from 76.4% to 93.1% upon using crude biodiesel with methanol and glycerol content of 2000 ppm and 1 wt%, respectively, at a constant flow rate of solvent and biodiesel of 200 mL min⎼1. Meanwhile, the glycerol removal efficiency increased from 76.2% to 94.5%. The results revealed that the solvent flow rate was the controlling mass transfer step.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Funding data
-
Tikrit University
Grant numbers (PGRG) No.TU.G/ 2021/ HIR/ MOHE/ENG/39 (2895-7-3).
Plaudit
References
Bashir MA, Wu S, Zhu J, Krosuri A, Khan MU, Aka RJN. Recent Development of Advanced Processing Technologies for Biodiesel Production: a Critical Review. Fuel Processing Technology 2022; 227(3): 107120.
Pan H, Xia Q, Wang Y, Shen Z, Huang H, Ge Z, Li X, He J, Wang X, Li L, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Biodiesel Production using Functional Carbon Materials as Acid/Base Catalysts. Fuel Processing Technology 2022; 237(13): 107421.
de Jesus SS, Ferreira GF, Maciel MRW, Filho RM. Biodiesel Purification by Column Chromatography and Liquid-Liquid Extraction using Green Solvents. Fuel 2019; 235(1): 1123⎼1130.
Berrios M, Skelton RL. Comparison of Purification Methods for Biodiesel. Chemical Engineering Journal 2008; 144(3): 459⎼465.
Gabelman A. Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors. Journal of membrane science 1999; 159(1⎼2): 61⎼106
Dubé A, Tremblay AY, Liu J. Biodiesel Production using a Membrane Reactor. Bioresource Technology 2007; 98(3): 639⎼647.
Wang Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Ou S, Tan Y, Tang S. Refining of Biodiesel by Ceramic Membrane Separation. Fuel Processing Technology 2009; 90(3) 422⎼427.
Gomes MCS, Pereira NC, De Barros STD. Separation of Biodiesel and Glycerol using Ceramic Membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 2010; 352(1⎼2): 271⎼276.
Amelio A, Loise L, Azhandeh R, Darvishmanesh S, Calabró V, Degrève J, Luis P, Van der Bruggen B. Purification of Biodiesel using a Membrane Contactor: Liquid – Liquid Extraction. Fuel Processing Technology 2016; 142(3): 352⎼360.
Mohammed HN, Ahmed SMR, Al-Naseri H, Al-Dahhan M. Enhancement of CO2 Desorption from MEA-Based Nanofluids in Membrane Contactor: Simulation Study. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 2021; 168(10): 108582.
Tavakoli A, Rahimi K, Saghandali F, Scott J, Love E. Nanofluid Preparation, Stability and Performance for CO2 Absorption and Desorption Enhancement: a Review. Journal of Environmental Management 2022; 313 (14): 114955.
Saien J, Bamdadi H. Mass Transfer from Nanofluid Single Drops In Liquid−Liquid Extraction Process. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2012; 51(14): 5157–5166.
Saien J, Bamdadi H, Daliri S. Liquid–Liquid Extraction Intensification with Magnetite Nanofluid Single Drops under Oscillating Magnetic Field. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2015; 21(1): 1152–1159.
Dhindsa A, Wanchoo RK, Toor AP. Motion of Nanofluid Droplets Through Immiscible Quiescent Liquid: An Experimental Study. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2020; 59(13): 6247–6257.
Li b Q, Zou C, Liang H, Chen W, Lin S, Liao Y. Mass Transfer from Nanofluid Single Drops in Low Interfacial Tension Liquid–Liquid Extraction Process. Chemical Physics Letters 2021; 771(10): 138530.
Dhindsa A, Sobti A, Wanchoo RK, Toor AP. Study on Mass Transfer using Nanofluid Drops in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Column. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2022; 136(7): 106194.
Jafari F, Saien J. Experimental and Model Study for Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Conductive Nanofluid Drops under Low Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields. Chemical Engineering Science 2022; 258(13): 117762.
Standard specification for biodiesel fuel blend stock for middle distillate fuels (B100). American society for testing and materials (ASTM). D6751: USA; 2012.
Automotive fuels-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines requirements and test methods. European committee for standardization (EN), 14214: Europe; 2012.
Fassinou WF. Higher Heating Value (HHV) of Vegetable Oils, Fats and Biodiesels Evaluation Based on Their Pure Fatty Acids’ HHV. Energy 2012; 45(1): 798–805.