Removal of Some Hydrocarbon Pollutants from Baiji Oil Refinery Wastewater Using Granular Activated Carbon Column
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Abstract
Petrochemical industry, specially oil refineries produces large quantities of wastewater that is
strongly polluted with hydrocarbon compounds. Although Baiji oil refinery has wastewater
treatment plant, it discharges water to Tigris river that is strongly polluted with hydrocarbon
compounds that exceed the Iraqi permissible limits. Thus the aim of the present work is to
remove phenol, parachlorophenol, and benzene from the wastewater of Baiji oil refinery using
granular activated carbon(GAC)column. A laboratory scale apparatus is designed and
constructed in order to perform this study taking into account the ability to control the most
important parameters affecting adsorption process. Actual wastewater samples taken from the
final discharge point of wastewater treatment unit of Baiji oil refinery are used to conduct all
experiments.
The results indicated that these pollutants could be removed completely. Moreover, it indicates
that breakthrough and exhaustion time are directly proportional with GAC thickness and inversely
proportional with pollutants concentration and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). The results
show that maximum breakthrough time is 39.26, 21.35, and 16.58 hours at LHSV of 0.5 hr-1 and
35cm of GAC thickness for phenol, parachlorophenol, and benzene respectively. The
corresponding minimum breakthrough time is 9.24, 5.23, and 6.08 hours at LHSV of 129 hr-1.
However, the corresponding maximum exhaustion time is 49.6, 48.7, and 43.84 hours, while the
minimum exhaustion time are 27.5, 16.54, and 10.89 hours. The results show that breakthrough
time for phenol is 27.23 hours when the phenol inlet concentration is 5.212 mg/l, it decreased to
13.83 hours at inlet phenol concentration of 19.31 mg/l. The corresponding exhaustion time is
68.83 and 37.22 hours. Other two pollutants have similar trend. Based on the experimental data,
dynamic adsorption capacities are calculated and found to be increased with the increase of
pollutants concentration and LHSV. It is also found that calculated adsorption zone thickness is
proportional with LHSV. The calculated maximum dynamic carbon adsorption capacity are 115.4,
67.62, and 12.628 mg/g for phenol, parachlorophenol, and benzene respectively at LHSV of 129
hr-1. The corresponding minimum capacity at LHSV of 0.5 hr-1 are found to be 1, 0.99, and 0.257
mg/g. Calculated values of minimum and maximum adsorption zone thickness for the three
pollutants at LHSV of 0.5 and 129 hr-1 are (0.0729, 0.1965, and 0.2176) and (0.2324,
0.2118,and 0.1545)cm respectively.
Application of the most famous the adsorption models shows that only Freundlich model gives
excellent agreement with experimental data. Finally, new three models are developed. The first
and second relate breakthrough and exhaustion time with LHSV, wastewater pollutantsconcentration, and GAC thickness while the third relates adsorption velocity with LHSV and inlet
pollutant concentration.
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