Evaluation of Ground Water Quality Status by Using Water Quality Indices at Basheqa Region, Iraq
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Large areas of BASHEQA region haven't any source of surface water, at the same time, there are large quantities of olives trees and crops depend in its irrigating on Ground Water (GW) as a main source. So it is important to evaluate its (GW) for different uses. In this study the (GW) of 32 wells had been examined in the college of environmental science and technology laboratories to assess its Water Quality (WQ) for drinking, irrigation, and livestock purposes. Average twelve parameters (pH, Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3, SO4, Cl, NO3, EC, TDS, SAR, TH) data in the period 2008-2009 had been applied in three methods through computing Water Quality Indices (WQIS). The first method was the Weighted Average (WAV). The second one was that adopted by Ministry of Nature and Environment (MNE) of Mongolia, while the last one was the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The (WQIs) of the three methods results had been compared to assess the suitability of the best one. Although the statistical analysis indicated that there are no significant differences between both (CCME) and (WAV) methods, the (WAV) data had been used in this study as it gave more restrictive control. The analysis of (WQIs) using (WAM) method indicated that (25, 69, 88)% of (GW) are good for drinking, irrigation, and livestock purposes respectively.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
References
- Horton, R. K., “An Index Number System for Rating Water Quality”, Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 37, pp 300-305, 1965.
- Brown, R. M., McClelland, N., Deininger, R. A., and Tozer, R. G., “A Water Quality Index :Do we Dare ?”, Water & Sewage Works 117, pp 339-343, 1970.
- Scottish Development Department, “Towards Cleaner Water”, Edinburgh: HMSO Report of a River Pollution Survey of Scotland, 1975.
- Soltan, M. E., “Evaluation of Groundwater in Dakhla Oasis”, Egyptian Western Desert Journal of Environ. Geology, 36 (1-2), pp 55-64, 1999.
- Mus,ab, A. Al-Tamir, “Water Quality Index for a Croup of Wells in Northwest of Mosul City”, Journal of Al-Rafidain, Vol.16, No.2 pp 27-40, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2005.41816
- Stigter, Y., Ribeiro, L. and Carvalho Dill, A. M. N., “Application a Groundwater Quality Index as an Assessment and Communication Tool in Agro Environmental Policies”, Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, pp 578-591, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.12.001
- Mayur C. Shah, Prateek G., Shilpkar and Pradip, B. Acharya, “GWQ of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India”, Environment Journal of Chemistry. Vol. 5, No. 3, pp 435-446, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/481694
- Saeedi Mohesn, abessi Ozear, Sharifi Farid and Meraji Hamed, “Development of Groundwater Quality Index”, Environment Monet Assess Vol.163 , pp 327-335, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0837-5
- APHA, AWWA, WPCF, “Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed., Am. Public Health Assoc. Washington D.C., 1998.
- World Health Organization (WHO), “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality”, 3rd Edition, Geneva, 2004.
- McDuffie, B. and Haney, J. T., “A Proposed River Pollution Index”, Paper presented to the American Chemical Society, Division of Water, Air and Waste Engineering, 1973.
- Ministry of Nature and Environment (MNE) of Mongolia, JWARP, 2011.
- Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environmental (CCME), “Canadian Water Quality Index 1.0, Tec. Reports and Verse Manual”, Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, Technical Subcommittee, Gatineau, 2001.