Performance Study of Tube Settlers in Removing Low Turbidity From The Tigris River Water Using a Bench Scale Model
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The current research aims to evaluate the efficiency of tube settlers in removing low turbidity of Tigris River water in Mosul city, then comparing the results with the conventional settler. Laboratory model for tube settler is designed and manufactured for conducting the experiments. The model consists of a coagulation and flocculation basin containing a mixer. This basin is connected with water fixing level basin which is used to obtain a uniform flow in the model. This basin is followed by another one which is called pre-tube settler basin. After that came the tube settler unit. It consists from 4 tubes of square section and 4 x 4 cm2 in dimension and manufactured at five levels of inclination angle: 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 degrees. These tubes are manufactured at 40 cm in length and their length can be increased by connecting additional pieces with a length of 20 cm to obtain the studied length levels: 60, 80, 100 and 120 cm. Alum is added as a coagulant with six levels at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25mg/L. At the same time, another model was designed and manufactured for conventional settler from glass for making experiments parallel to the tube settler and compare the results between them. The initial turbidity of raw water ranged from 20-29 NTU during the study period. Turbidity removal percent was used as an indicator of tube settler efficiency. The highest turbidity removal percent reached 80.53% with an effluent turbidity of 5.1 NTU at 120 cm length,15 mg/L alum dose and 60° inclination angle. The results showed an increase in turbidity removal percent with increasing the tube length at all levels of the inclination angle and alum dose. The tube settler exceeds the conventional one by 20-30% in removing percent of low turbidity within the range of 20-29 NTU of the Tigris River water. Additionally, the short detention time of tube settlers compared with the conventional one can be utilized to increase the production of the plant. This can be achieved by installing modular tube settler units in the sedimentation tanks of the old water treatment plants.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Plaudit
References
Al-Masri NA, Fadhel MN. Pollutant Variation through Tigris River in Mosul City", Int. J. of Interdisciplinary Res. and Innovations. 2014; 2 (4): 38-58.
Mossa MT. Removal of High Turbidity of Tigris River by High Rate Circular Tube Settlers Prior to Coagulation M.Sc. Thesis in Civil Engineering, University of Mosul. 1978
Fouad HA, Elhefny RM Marei AI. Evaluating the Use of Tube Settlers and Lamella Plates in Increasing the Efficiency of Sedimentation Tanks. J. of Applied Life Sci. Int. (2016); 7 (4):1-8.
Bogusch ED. Split Countercurrent Flow Tube Settler. United States Patent, Patent Number: 4,783,255. 1988. Date of Patent Nov. 8, 1988, 10p.
Fujisaki K Terashi M. Improvement of Settling Tank Performance Using Inclined Tube Settlers, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Env. Fukuoka, Japan. 2005; 80:475-484.
Johnson M, Ratnayaka DD, Brandt MJ. Twort's Water Supply. 6th ed., Published by Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, England; 2009. 300p.
Baruth EE. Water Treatment Plant Design. 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA; 2005: 155p.
Gurjar A, Bhorkar M, Bhole AG, Baitule P. Performance Study of Tube Settlers Module. Int. J. of Eng. Res. and App. 2017; 7(3): 52-55.
Cumming S. Process Optimization of an Upflow Sludge Blanket Clarifier through the Installation of Tube Settlers", Barwon Water, 65th Annual Water Industry Engineers and Operators' Conference, Kardinia Heights Centre, Geelong, Australia. 2002; 4-5 Sep., 2002, pp 59-66.