Investigating the Potential of Water Treatment Sludge for Improvement of the Geotechnical Properties of Gypseous Soil
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Water treatment sludge (WTS) has in recent years been used for improvement in geotechnical properties of soil. The present study has been taken up to establish whether WTS can be used for the improvement of gypseous soil by assessing its effects on the geotechnical properties. Soil samples were collected from the study area while WTS were locally obtained from a water treatment plant. Chemical and physical properties, mineral compositions, particle size distribution, water content, and Atterberg limits of soil and WTS were determined. The laboratory test was performed by employing laboratory testing to investigate the effects of different percentages of WTS on the strength, compressibility, collapsibility, and compatibility of the soil at different curing times. The results obtained showed that WTS influenced the geotechnical properties of gypseous soils significantly. Improvements in the strength, compressibility, and collapsibility were shown. The best application rate of WTS was suggested on the basis of the possible improvements in the geotechnical properties. From the study’s outcomes, it could be concluded that the use of WTS may be an alternate and economic material for the improvement of geotechnical properties of gypseous soil.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Plaudit
References
Ahmed AM, Sepanta N, Ayad SM. Effects of Domestic Sewage Sludge on Gypseous Soil’s Geotechnical Properties. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 2023; 18(2): 361–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.180213
Ai-sharif MM, Attom MF. A Geoenvironmental Application of Burned Wastewater Sludge Ash in Soil Stabilization. Environmental Earth Sciences 2014; 71:2453-2463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2645-z
Richter CA. Tratamento de lodos de estações de tratamento de água. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora Blucher; 2021.
Uhlenbrook S, Connor R. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2019: Leaving No One Behind. UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme: London; 2019: pp. 1-201.
Mosallaei A, Eteraf H, Kovács B, Mikita V. Effect of Sewage Sludge Ash on Collapsible Soil. 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2) 2019; Tunisia. Springer Cham: p. 45–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72896-0_10
Boscov ME, Tsugawa JK, Montalvan EL. Beneficial Use of Water Treatment Sludge in Geotechnical Applications as a Sustainable Alternative to Preserve Natural Soils. Sustainability 2021; 13(17):9848. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179848
Hamid M, Aljanabi K, Mustafa A. Using Water Treatment Sludge to Improve Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Soils: A Review. Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences vol. 2023; 14(1): 50–65.
Hamid M, Aljanabi KR, Mustafa AS. Using Water Treatment Sludge to Improve Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Soils: A Review. Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences 2023;14(1):50-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37649/aengs.2023.138350.1041
Barzanji A. Gypsiferous Soils of Iraq Ph.D Thesis, (Dissertation. Ghent, Belgium); 1973.
Al-Mufty A. Effect of Gypsum Dissolution on the Mechanical Behavior of Gypseous Soils. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq 1997.
Kuttah DK. Effect of Compactive Effort on the Behaviour of a Gypsiferous Subgrade Soil. Ph.D Thesis. Al-Nahrain University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department; 2004.
Nashat IH. Engineering Characteristics of Some Gypseous Soils in Iraq. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis University of Baghdad; 1990.
Fattah MY, Al-Ani MM, Al-Lamy MTA. Wetting and Drying Collapse Behaviour of Collapsible Gypsous Soils Treated by Grouting. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2015; 8(4):2035-2049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1329-7
Al-Gharbawi ASA, Fattah MY, Mahmood MR. Effect of Carbonation on the Collapse Potential of Magnesium Oxide Treated Gypseous Soil. International Journal of Engineering Transactions A: Basics 2022; 35(04): 706-714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5829/IJE.2022.35.04A.10
Mohamad SA, Mohammed HA, Hassan HA, Fattah MY. Using High Reactivity Attapulgite for Stabilizing Collapsible Gypseous Soil. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 2022; 17(1): 165-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170116
Kamil KS, Abdulkareem AH, Mahmood NS. Using a Laboratory Model Test to Evaluate Collapsibility of Gypseous Soils Improved by Sludge. E3S Web of Conferences 2023; 427: 01004, (1-8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342701004
Gy P. Sampling for Analytical Purposes. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Willey; 1998.
Astm C. 117. Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing. United States: ASTM International 2003.
Patel P, Purohit V. Effect of Sludge Addition on Density and Moisture Content of Gypsum Soil. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering 2015;8(1):764–768.
Al-Dahwi S, Hamad Al-Otaibi, Mamdoh Al-Harthi. Assessment of Soil Compressibility Parameters of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Gypsum, Lime, and Their Combination. International Journal of Geosciences 2019;10(2):171-188.
Rohraback O. Preparation Techniques for Soil Research Samples. Journal of Experimental Methods 2005; 17:82-98.
Al-Mukhtar MT, Al-Obaidi AA. The Estimation of One-Dimensional Collapse for Highly Gypseous Soils. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 2022;17(5):801-806. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170520
Seleam M. Treatment of Collapsibility of Gypseous Soils by Dynamic Compaction Method. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 1988;6(4):267-280.
Saaed M, Al-Aqaby M, Al-Beiruty M. The Estimation of One-Dimensional Collapse for Highly Gypseous Soils. International Journal of Digital and Analogical Natural Hazards Engineering 2019;6(2):1-12.
Qasemi M, Kaviani M, Oustan S. Effect of Waste Tire Powder on the Chemical Properties of a Saline-Sodic Soil. Journal of Environmental Management 2018; 207:122-129.
Shukla S, Singh A, Sharma R, Rai JPN, Singh JS. Impact of Waste Tire Crumbs on Soil Properties and Productivity of Oryza Sativa L. under Organic Farming System. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018;25(25):25206-25213.
Saberian M, Oskoorouchi AM, Nikraz H. Effect of Waste Tire Shreds on Engineering Properties of Clayey Soils. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018; 10(4): 753-762.
Taha MR, Al-Harthy AS, Al-Shamsi K, Al-Khanbashi A. Geotechnical Properties of Dune Sand Stabilized with Waste Tire Rubber Chips. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2019; 31(6):04019048.
Li J, Zhang J, Tang C, Cui Y. Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Treated with Waste Tire Rubber Particles. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2019;31(10): 04019218.
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zeng Q. Slope Stability Analysis of Highway Subgrade Reinforced by Waste Rock Powder under Rainfall Infiltration. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 2018;36(5):3013-3023.
Wang J, Li Y, Li X. Load-Deformation Behavior of Cement-Stabilized Soil Mixed with Waste Tire Shreds. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2019;31(4):1-11.
Wang D, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Use of Waste Tire Shreds as a Replacement for Natural Aggregates in Asphalt Mixtures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2018;30(8):1-11.
Huang Y, Wang D, Zhang Y. Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Stabilized with Cement and Fly Ash Mixed with Waste Tire Shreds. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2018;30(12):1-11.