An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Different Wall Types on the Iraqi Building's Thermal Load
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Abstract
The study aims to reduce heat transfer in a building's conditioned space due to high environmental temperatures in the summer. The heat transfer through the building's external walls increases the need for electrical energy. This study developed four models to reduce heat transfer by covering the exterior wall of the building with perforated concrete blocks with holes, whose diameters varied within the range of 6–10 mm, distributed in three rows of variable hole diameter, each row containing three holes of equal diameter: Model A1 (the diameter of the three holes in the first row was 6 mm, and the diameter of the three holes in the second row was 8 mm, while the diameter of the three holes in the third row was 10 mm). Model A2: The hole arrangement with the sequence 10, 8, and 6 mm. Model B1: The hole arrangement was with the sequence 6, 10, and 8 mm. Model B2: The hole arrangement was with the sequence 8, 10, and 6 mm. The study examined the air gap between the building's covering blocks and the original wall. A thermal test room was built with an air conditioner and a cumulative electric energy meter to measure energy consumption. Perforated block models covered the test room's wall. Also, a numerical model was prepared using the ANSYS-Fluent package v. 16.2. The experimental and numerical results were consistent. Model B1 achieved higher electrical seasonal consumption than the conventional model, about 98.5 kilowatt-hours. While the other four models recorded low energy consumption, i.e., model A1 consumed 87.5 kilowatt-hours, with a reduction of 11.2%; model A2 consumed 83.9 kilowatt-hours, with a reduction of 15%; model B2 consumed 80 kilowatt-hours, with a reduction of 19%; and model B1 consumed 78 kilowatt-hours, with a reduction of 21%.
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