Sustainable and Recycled Materials Additives for Tire Rubber Manufacturing: A Review
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Abstract
Material scientists and researchers aim to create durable, manufacturable, affordable, and lightweight materials. Nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their distinct physical and chemical properties, which are most commonly employed in automobile tires. Tires are manufactured by blending several materials, including rubber, steel threads, and reinforced fillers. Rubber mixes play a crucial role in tire attributes. It determines road-contact tire cover performance. A good tire has minimal rolling friction and a strong grip. The physical and chemical reactions between the rubber and the filler determine tire quality. Previous studies investigated adding materials, such as carbon black, nano-silica, nano-alumina, titanium oxide, and clay nano-grains. Also, this article summarizes the research status of the green materials that can meet the requirements of environmental friendliness and sustainability, replace traditional materials, and sustainable materials that are additives for natural and synthetic rubber of tires come from natural sources, such as rice ash, coconut, or recycled waste tire, to improve the tire properties, such as tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue and rolling resistance, thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance, rebound resilience and wet grip. This brief provides insight into the sustainable and unsustainable additives and discusses their application in tire manufacturing.
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